Manipulating grades
Make sure you've read about authenticating API requests before proceeding to the guide below.
Make sure you've read about manipulating grade lines before proceeding to the guide below.
The Scores endpoint accepts both the ltik based and service key based API authentication methods.
The LTI protocol allows you to manipulate grades in the LMS grade book through the Assignment and Grades - Scores and Results services. LTIAAS gives you access to these services through the /api/lineitems/:lineItemID/scores API endpoint.
The score object
This guide focuses on the most common and/or relevant fields of the score object, a detailed description of available fields can be found in the IMS Score Service documentation:
Learning Tools Interoperability (LTI) Assignment and Grade Services Specification, IMS Final Release Spec Version 2.0, 1EdTech Consortium, April 2019, 3.4 Score publish service, https://www.imsglobal.org/spec/lti-ags/v2p0/#score-publish-service.
The score is the object used when we want to update the status of a user in a grade line. This can be used not only to submit grades but also to provide feedback and update the status of the activity.
{
"userId" : "1",
"activityProgress" : "Completed",
"gradingProgress": "FullyGraded",
"scoreGiven" : 95,
"scoreMaximum" : 100
}
userId [required]
The userId field is the identifier for the user to whom the score belongs.
Some LMSes might restrict grade submissions based on the user role. It's recommended to only submit grades to users with a student role.
activityProgress [required]
The activityProgress field is an indicator of the user's status towards the activity's completion. The values allowed in this field are:
Initialized- The user has not started the activity, or the activity has been reset for that student.Started- The activity associated with the line item has been started by the user to which the result relates.InProgress- The activity is being drafted and is available for comment.Submitted- The activity has been submitted at least once by the user but the user is still able make further submissions.Completed- The user has completed the activity associated with the line item.
gradingProgress [required]
The gradingProgress field is an indicator of the user's current grading process in the activity. The values allowed in this field are:
FullyGraded- The grading process is completed; the score value, if any, represents the current Final Grade; the gradebook may display the grade to the learner.Pending- Final Grade is pending, but does not require manual intervention; if a Score value is present, it indicates the current value is partial and may be updated.PendingManual- Final Grade is pending, and it does require human intervention; if a Score value is present, it indicates the current value is partial and may be updated during the manual grading.Failed- The grading could not complete.NotReady- There is no grading process occurring; for example, the student has not yet made any submission.
scoreGiven
The scoreGiven field is the numeric grade that should be assigned to the user. This field is optional as the score can be used to provide feedback or update a task status without assigning a grade. If present, it MUST be positive number (including 0).
scoreMaximum
The scoreMaximum field is the maximum grade that can be assigned to the grade line to which the score belongs. This field is required if scoreGiven is present. If present, it MUST be a numeric non-null value, strictly greater than 0.
Submitting grades
In the example bellow, we're hardcoding the line item ID (grade line ID), for information on how you would actually retrieve the correct line item ID for a context, please check the Retrieving grade lines guide.
To submit a score to a grade line, you need to make a POST request to the /api/lineitems/:lineItemID/scores endpoint of your LTIAAS' account subdomain. The score will be submitted to the grade line (line item) specified in the request URL.
For a description of all accepted fields, as well as possible response statuses, check the [POST] Scores endpoint API Reference.
// Building Ltik based API authentication header
const authenticationHeader = `LTIK-AUTH-V2 ${API_KEY}:${LTIK}`
const headers = { Authorization: authorizationHeader }
// Making /api/lineitems/:lineItemID/scores POST request
const score = {
userId: '1',
activityProgress: 'Completed',
gradingProgress: 'FullyGraded',
scoreGiven: 95,
scoreMaximum: 100
}
const lineItemId = 'https://lms.example.com/course/1/lineitems/1'
const urlSafeLineItemId = encodeURIComponent(lineItemId)
requests.post(`https://your.ltiaas.com/api/lineitems/${urlSafeLineItemId}`, score, { headers })
When submitting a score, the userId, activityProgress and gradingProgress fields are required.
A successful response will have a 204 status.
The result object
This guide focuses on the most common and/or relevant fields of the result object, a detailed description of available fields can be found in the IMS Result Service documentation:
Learning Tools Interoperability (LTI) Assignment and Grade Services Specification, IMS Final Release Spec Version 2.0, 1EdTech Consortium, April 2019, 3.9 Results Service, https://www.imsglobal.org/spec/lti-ags/v2p0/#result-service.
The result is the object returned when we retrieve the grades of a user from a grade line.
{
"id": "https://lms.example.com/course/1/lineitems/1/results/1",
"scoreOf": "https://lms.example.com/course/1/lineitems/1",
"userId": "1",
"resultScore": 95,
"resultMaximum": 100,
}
id
The id field is the identifier for the result.
scoreOf
The scoreOf field is the identifier for the line item to which the result belongs.
userId
The userId field is the identifier for the user to whom the result belongs.
resultScore
The resultScore field is the numeric grade currently assigned to the user. This field may be empty.
resultMaximum
The resultMaximum field is the maximum grade that can be assigned to the grade line to which the result belongs.
Retrieving grades
In the example bellow, we're hardcoding the line item ID (grade line ID), for information on how you would actually retrieve the correct line item ID for a context, please check the Retrieving grade lines guide.
To retrieve results from a grade line you need to make a GET request to the /api/lineitems/:lineItemID/scores endpoint of your LTIAAS' account subdomain. The results will be retrieved from the grade line (line item) specified in the request URL.
For a description of all accepted query parameters, as well as possible response bodies and statuses, check the [GET] Line Items endpoint API Reference.
// Building Ltik based API authentication header
const authenticationHeader = `LTIK-AUTH-V2 ${API_KEY}:${LTIK}`
const headers = { Authorization: authorizationHeader }
// Making /api/lineitems/:lineItemID/scores GET request
const lineItemId = 'https://lms.example.com/course/1/lineitems/1'
const urlSafeLineItemId = encodeURIComponent(lineItemId)
const results = requests.get(`https://your.ltiaas.com/api/lineitems/${urlSafeLineItemId}`, { headers })
A successful response will be an object with a scores field containing an array of result objects tied to that grade line.
{
"scores":[
{
"id": "https://lms.example.com/course/1/lineitems/1/results/1",
"scoreOf":"https://lms.example.com/course/1/lineitems/1",
"userId": "1",
"resultScore": 95,
"resultMaximum": 100
},
{
"id":"https://lms.example.com/course/1/lineitems/1/results/2",
"scoreOf":"https://lms.example.com/course/1/lineitems/1",
"userId":"2",
"resultScore":90,
"resultMaximum":100
}
]
}
Response pagination fields
This functionality might not be supported by every LMS.
The next, prev, first and last fields will only be present if there are more results to be retrieved from the grade line. You can read more about this in the Handling pagination guide.
{
"scores": [...],
"next": "https://lms.example.com/course/1/lineitems?page=3",
"prev": "https://lms.example.com/course/1/lineitems?page=1",
"first": "https://lms.example.com/course/1/lineitems?page=1",
"last": "https://lms.example.com/course/1/lineitems?page=4"
}
Filtering grades by the user ID
If you want to retrieve only the grades belonging to a specific user, you can populate the userId query parameter.
The ID for a user can be retrieved from the idtoken.user.id field of the ID Token.
// Building Ltik based API authentication header
const authenticationHeader = `LTIK-AUTH-V2 ${API_KEY}:${LTIK}`
const headers = { Authorization: authorizationHeader }
// Making /api/idtoken GET request
const idtoken = requests.get('https://your.ltiaas.com/api/idtoken', { headers })
const userId = response['user']['id']
// Making /api/lineitems/:lineItemID/scores GET request
const lineItemId = 'https://lms.example.com/course/1/lineitems/1'
const urlSafeLineItemId = encodeURIComponent(lineItemId)
const results = requests.get(`https://your.ltiaas.com/api/lineitems/${urlSafeLineItemId}?userId=${userId}`, { headers })
Checking service availability
The Assignment and Grades service might not be available for every LTI launch context. Before attempting to manipulate grades you can make a call to the ID Token endpoint and check the services section to know if the service is available.
You can know if the service is available based on the value of the idtoken.services.assignmentAndGrades.available boolean field:
// Building Ltik based API authentication header
const authenticationHeader = `LTIK-AUTH-V2 ${API_KEY}:${LTIK}`
const headers = { Authorization: authorizationHeader }
// Making /api/idtoken GET request
const idtoken = requests.get('https://your.ltiaas.com/api/idtoken', { headers })
const isServiceAvailable = idtoken['services']['assignmentAndGrades']['available']
if (isServiceAvailable) {
// Making /api/lineitems/:lineItemID/scores GET request
const lineItemId = 'https://lms.example.com/course/1/lineitems/1'
const urlSafeLineItemId = encodeURIComponent(lineItemId)
const results = requests.get(`https://your.ltiaas.com/api/lineitems/${urlSafeLineItemId}`, { headers })
}
